Suchergebnisse

The present study examines the impact of family ownership and control on the internationalization strategies of Portuguese manufacturing firms. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing evidence that different forms of international market presence are asymmetrically influenced by family control and by underscoring the importance of innovative strategies. The analysis includes a sample of 25,533 firms observed from 2018 to 2021. Econometric models address the role of ownership in alternative internationalization endeavors, demonstrating that these firms differ from their non-family counterparts. By comparing the export propensity, intensity, and reach of family businesses to non-family businesses, the research sheds light on the challenges faced by family-owned firms and the significance of structural characteristics such as technological regimes and regional competitive advantages. The findings emphasize the negative impact of family presence on internationalization while highlighting the importance of innovation and ecosystem support. Additionally, the study contributes to the empirical refinement of firm classification by proposing a more reliable segmentation method. It also presents alternative econometric methods to appraise internationalization strategies better. Future research directions are suggested, particularly regarding the use of additional information related to innovation and human capital, offering insights for enhancing the global engagement of family businesses in global markets. This research provides valuable empirical evidence and practical implications for policymakers and practitioners seeking to support the required actions to promote the growth and internationalization of family businesses in the context of the Portuguese manufacturing industry.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is twofold, being the first to grasp a broad picture of entrepreneurship determinants in Qatar, and second, to explore the intermediate effect of gender upon other factors affecting the propensity to become an entrepreneur and highlight gender heterogeneity. Combining theories on entrepreneurship determinants and gender, the study analyses the role of education (general and specific to enterprise), skill perception, social context and fear to fail as determinants of new venture creation in Qatar. The objective of the study is to appraise the determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Qatar and understand if they hold across genders in terms of significance and magnitude. If so, policy actions can be adjusted to overcome gender gaps. This study aims to design policy recommendations to reinforce the Qatari entrepreneurial ecosystem and promote positive discrimination towards women initiatives in the Gulf region.


Design/methodology/approach
To understand male and female propensity to entrepreneurial activity in Qatar, a database from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) was used, considering data from 2014, with a sample that includes 4,272 individuals. To explore how the explanatory variables affect entrepreneurial propensity and if they hold significance across genders, three logistic regressions were run, the first including the entire sample, and the second and third separating individuals according to the gender. Then, to statistically appraise the differences among groups, a Kruskal–Wallis test was run to evidence group heterogeneity. Marginal effects of the model reinforce gender differences. The analysis was performed using Stata.


Findings
Different patterns of entrepreneurial propensity can be found among genders, allowing the exploration male and female determinants. The analysis shows that Qatari women are less prone to start a business when compared to men in equal conditions. For women, age is a deterring factor, contrarily to men. Both genders seem to be unconstrained by the fear to fail, still the self-perception of skills has a stronger effect on women.


Research limitations/implications
First, this study is restricted to the GEM database and covers 4,272 individuals whose representativeness cannot be statistically proved, despite the robustness of the sample size. Second, due to data limitations, the inclusion of theoretically relevant additional variables to the explanation of gender differences, such as economic and institutional determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the country under study, becomes infeasible.


Practical implications
Despite the conceptual and empirical limitations, the conclusions of the study fulfil literature gaps and offer quantitative and econometric evidences and which allow drawing policy recommendations.


Social implications
This study sheds a new light about the policy specificities needed to overcome gender differences and to equalise male and female entrepreneurial activity.


Originality/value
The study identifies gender differences in entrepreneurial propensity. The potential differences are firstly put in theoretical terms and followed by an exploratory analysis comprising statistical analysis and econometric estimations. The results allow examining the profile of male and female entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs, the determinants of entrepreneurial initiatives and gender gaps. The study helps policy makers to elaborate adequate strategies to foster gender equality on entrepreneurship, aiming to increase overall entrepreneurial activity and consequently socio-economic development.

The 2015–2030 agenda framed Sustainable Development as a Universal venture. This decision has a great historic significance as it encompasses building a better future for the whole of humanity, enrolling the millions who have been denied the chance to live a decent, dignified and fulfilling life and to achieve their potential. For the first time, an entire generation will have the chance to succeed in ending poverty while being the last to have a chance of saving the planet. The world will be a better place in 2030 if humanity succeeds in this journey. However, there is hovering skepticism around the feasibility of this accomplishment. The article aims to empirically test the (in)compatibilities among these objectives even for developed economies such as the European Union countries, demonstrating that unless solid bridges are built promoting innovative networks at a transnational level, welfare and prosperity among those ecosystems will be compromised. The results show that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) pillars have heterogeneous determinants, which are to some extent incompatible. Moreover, policy makers need to further reinforce multi-country compensations if the environment is to be preserved. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Leadership styles and human capital are important drivers of innovation processes. The way the leader interacts with the organization members can pre-empt or leverage innovation processes as leaders influence, empower and motivate other individuals in the achievement of their goals. Human capital is an important driver of innovation and competitiveness, as it will shape the uniqueness of the company as well as the process to obtain skills, capabilities, knowledge and expertise. As such, the main objectives of the paper are to analyze the impact of leadership styles on the innovation process and also to address the moderation effect of the human capital on the previous relation. Four leadership styles—autocratic, transactional, democratic, and transformational—were considered to measure their impacts on the innovation process, considering the alternative types of innovations. The 2018 Community Innovation Survey (CIS) database was used, encompassing Portuguese data, covering the 2016–2018 period, with a sample of 13702 firms. In regard to the empirical part, first, an exploratory analysis was run to better understand the connection between the leadership styles and the innovative strategies followed by an econometric estimation encompassing 28 logit models to disentangle the specific impacts of each leader on each innovation type. Evidence proves that autocratic and transactional leadership styles have a negative impact on innovation and transformational and democratic leadership impact innovation positively. Furthermore, human capital was found to moderate the relationship between leadership styles and the innovation process; i.e., under the same leadership style, the presence of additional skills leverages innovative propensity. The paper brings relevant insights for both managers and policymakers, highlighting that innovation will be accelerated if firms implement more participatory (democratic and transformational) leadership styles and also if they invest in competences to promote knowledge internalization and share. All in all, participatory leadership combined with the internal skills is proved to be an efficient combination for innovation to take place; as such, policy instruments must promote the coexistence of these two factors.

Analisam os principais pontos do Programa Emprega + Mulheres, no intuito de quantificar o grupo de mães que potencialmente serão beneficiadas por ele. Segundo as autoras, o programa compreende um conjunto de medidas que têm como objetivo aumentar a empregabilidade da mulher, aprimorando a legislação referente à conciliação entre maternidade e trabalho remunerado. A lei que o instituiu estabelece medidas que avançam no apoio à parentalidade e nos incentivos institucionais à mudança da distribuição de tarefas domésticas entre homens e mulheres. Tendo em vista a maior responsabilização do trabalho de cuidado pelas mulheres, a ideia é redistribuir o trabalho de cuidado para aumentar a disponibilidade ao mercado de trabalho das mulheres que são mães, especialmente as com filhos na primeira infância.

Analisam o programa Auxílio Emergencial (AE) e o Programa Emergencial de Manutenção do Emprego e da Renda (BEm), criados como medidas emergenciais durante a pandemia da covid-19. Por meio dos dados da PNAD Covid-19, realizada e publicada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), e dos números oficiais do governo, os autores buscam avaliar como esses programas incidiram de maneira diferenciada ao longo da distribuição de renda domiciliar per capita, investigando quais parcelas da distribuição de renda foram, de fato, mais ou menos beneficiadas por cada um deles.

This text addresses a research that investigated how the access of students with disabilities incollege education reverberates in the institution management practices with regard to the rights of this group. Inthis sense, we seek to understand the effects in programs and institutional policies related to inclusion of disabledstudents. We interviewed managers who have been working in four colleges located in the west of SantaCatarina: a federal, a state, a community and a private ones. By means of narrative interviews, empiricalmaterialities were generated, later analyzed in the perspective of discourse analysis, under Foucaultian references.The study points out the effects of the normative discourses of inclusion on the subjectivation of the managersand their positioning about requirements. We realize that government inclusion policies, materialized in the evaluation instruments of the courses and institutions of higher education applied by the Ministry of Education,mobilize managers to invest in inclusion. ; El texto analiza una investigación que abordó la temática de cómo el acceso de losestudiantes con discapacidades a la educación superior repercute en las prácticas de gestión universitariarespecto a los derechos de este grupo. En este sentido, buscamos comprender los efectos de lapresencia de estudiantes con discapacidades en programas institucionales y políticas relacionadas con lainclusión. Se entrevistó a gestores activos en cuatro universidades, ubicadas en el oeste de SantaCatarina: una pública federal, un pública provincial, una comunitaria y una privada. A través deentrevistas narrativas se generaron materiales empíricos, luego analizados desde la perspectiva delanálisis del discurso, con referencias de Foucault. El estudio señala los efectos de los discursosnormativos de inclusión sobre la subjetividad de los gestores y sus posicionamientos en relación con lasdemandas. Constantamos que las políticas de inclusión del gobierno, materializadas incluso en losinstrumentos para evaluar cursos e ...

Over the last years, food allergies have been faced with growing interest since they are increasingly recognized as an important problem of public health. In order to protect consumers, proper legislation hás been issued regarding foods known to cause allergic reactions in sensitized individufllsi Accordingly, in EU, Directive 2007/68/EC requires the mandatory discrimination of ali allergenic foods from the rest of the ingredients present in labels, regardless of their quantity. Soybean is among the fourteen groups of potentially allergenic foods whose presence in processed foods must always be declared [l J. Nowadays, soybean is frequently used by the food industry in several different processed foodstuffs, including meat products such as sausages, hamburgers or hams. Due to its wide use and considering that nowadays several food products can be processed in the same facility, even with such regulations in practice, unintentional cross-contamination with soybean and or/mislabelling can occur. Thus, for labelling compliance monitoring and to assure consumer's protection, the development of adequate methodology for soybean detection is ofutmost importance. ; This work was supported by FCT grant no. LAQV UID/QUI/50006/2013. Joana Costa is grateful to FCT grant (SFRH/BPD/102404/2014) financed by POPH-QREN (subsidised by FSE and MCTES). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

AbstractComparative studies of aging are often difficult to interpret because of the different factors that tend to correlate with longevity. We used the AnAge database to study these factors, particularly metabolism and developmental schedules, previously associated with longevity in vertebrate species. Our results show that, after correcting for body mass and phylogeny, basal metabolic rate does not correlate with longevity in eutherians or birds, although it negatively correlates with marsupial longevity and time to maturity. We confirm the idea that age at maturity is typically proportional to adult life span, and show that mammals that live longer for their body size, such as bats and primates, also tend to have a longer developmental time for their body size. Lastly, postnatal growth rates were negatively correlated with adult life span in mammals but not in birds. Our work provides a detailed view of factors related to species longevity with implications for how comparative studies of aging are interpreted.

Defence Studies ; The European Defence Industry is undergoing profound changes. Industrial activity is now operating on a quintuple helix innovation model with the deep involvement of universities and governments in innovation. In addition, military innovations are being transferred to civil society, with increasing attention paid to the environment. In the first stage, we report on the state-of-the-art of existing research using PRISMA protocol. The PRISMA technique is widely accepted by the academic community for its ability to discover concepts, ideas, and debates about the defence industry. In the second stage, we present a case study involving the Portuguese Defence Industry, for which multiple data collection sources were used to ensure triangulation and corroboration. The results show that, in the light of the quintuple helix innovation model, it was possible to bring applications from theoretical discussion to real life. Moreover, within the scope of the triple helix, it was possible to develop, produce and test military products, allowing to improve the military capacity of ground forces. In the future, ecological concerns will likely increase, so we suggest a greater focus on this area of research. KEYWORDS : Defence industry; open innovation; ground military forces; quintuple helix